Psychology Attachment Theory - 2561 Words

AS Psychology - Attachment Revision What is Attachment?:- â€Å"Attachment is the close bond between two people which endures over time and leads to certain behaviors such as proximity seeking, clinging and distress on separation, These behaviors serve the function of protecting an infant† Exam Question 1: ‘Explain Bowlby’s theory of attachment?’ (For top marks, mention: Social releasers, Sensitive Period, Montropy, internal model and the continuity hypothesis): * â€Å"Bowlby’s theory of attachment is an evolutionary theory that suggests the behaviours demonstrated by caregivers and babies are an innate and indistinctive drive to form attachment and have evolved through natural selection. * According to Bowlby, forming an attachment†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The learning theory which suggests we form attachment by learning a set of learnt behaviours differs from Bowlby’s evolutionary theory of attachment, which suggests that attachment occurs because is it innate drive that promotes survival, because unlike Bowlby’s theory, it suggests we learn by association and reinforcement and not through adaptive behaviours. Another difference between the two theories is that in the learning theory, attachment is said to be solely learnt through teaching by caregivers, whereas Bowlby’s evolutionary theory suggests that there is an indistinctive drive to form attachment which has evolved through natural selection.† Exam Question 2: ‘What is the Learning Theory?’ (For top marks, mention:): The learning theory suggests that we form attachments by learning a set of learnt behaviours. The theory also suggests that attachment formation is based upon two set principles, classical conditioning, which is learning through association and operant conditioning, which is learning through reinforcement. Classical Conditioning: Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov first described this type of learning through conducting research on the salvation reflexes in dogs recording how much they salivated each time they were fed. The physiologist found that dogs started salivating before they were fed and as soon as they heard the door open which meant they had come to associate the door opening with the arrival of food.Show MoreRelatedTheories Of Developmental Psychology : Attachment Theory1178 Words   |  5 PagesDescribe and evaluate two theories in developmental psychology Attachment theory, it refers to an affectionate bond. â€Å"A relatively extended and enduring connection with the partner is important as a unique individual is interchangeable with no other† Ainsworth (1989) cited in Gross (2003) hand out in class (03/06/2013).The aim of this attachment is for the infant to remain in close proximity to the attachment figure as she is considered the secure base and the infant would become distressed on separationRead MoreThe Theory, Ego Psychology, And Attachment Theory1483 Words   |  6 PagesDrive Theory, Ego Psychology, Object Relations, Self Psychology, and Attachment Theory are different vistas from which we can observe and study human development. I have decided to explain mine from the perspective of Attachment Theory, whose main contributors include John Bowlby, Mary Ainsworth, and Mary Main. However, before doing so, it would be useful to outline a bony framework and define certain key concepts of Attachment Theory, which focuses o n the relationships and bonds between people--particularlyRead More The Attachment Theory in Child Psychology Essay2260 Words   |  10 PagesThe Attachment Theory in Child Psychology The term attachment describes an infants tendency to seek closeness to particular people and to feel more secure in their presence (Atkinson et al, 2000, p90). This essay will attempt to provide a brief and up to date summary of attachment theory and research, show how it is linked to Child Abuse, the Family, and Children and Divorce, critically evaluatingRead MoreAttachment Theory For Understanding Risk And Protection Factors Within Developmental Psychology1940 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will comprises, firstly, on past research looking into what attachment/ attachment theory is, focusing on Bowlby’s (DATE) research into why an infant’s first attachment is so important. Followed, by the work of Ainsworth et al (1978) bringing to light the findings from the strange situation, and how the research can explain mental illness. From this and in-depth discussion looking at how the previously discussed pieces of research have an effect on two particular disorders, depressionRead MoreAttachment Theory For Understanding Risk And Protection Factors Within Developmental Psychology1988 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will comprise, firstly, on past research looking into what attachment/ attachment theory is, focusing on Bowlby’s (DATE) research into why an infant’s first attachment is so important. Followed, by the work of Ainsworth et al (1978) bringing to light the findings from the strange situation, and how the research can explain mental illness. From this and in-depth discussion looking at how the previously discussed pieces of research have an effect on two particular disorders, depression andRead MoreMy Point Of View Attachment Theory1033 Words   |  5 PagesMain Post Attachment theory is defined as the characters associated with the long term associated of human beings. From my point of view attachment is a lasting, secure and positive bond between a child and a caregiver, a reciprocal relationship. John Bowlby who used his knowledge in developmental psychology, psychoanalysis, ethology, and data processing to base his principle of the theory developed attachment theory. John Bowlby believed that attachment theory was on of the four essential behavioralRead MoreQuestions On Theories Of Attachment Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstand Theories of Attachment. Evaluating two theories that explain the development of the infant attachment to parents or surrogates. Ainsworth and Bell’s theory, based on Strange Situation Test (SST), and Bowlby’s monotropic theory will be evaluated and shall show their usefulness in psychological research. Summary of Attachment. An attachment is, to quote Kagan et al. (1978, cited in Gross, 2015), â€Å"†¦an intense emotional relationship that is specific to two people, that endures over time,Read MorePsychology is not just common sense1300 Words   |  6 Pages Psychology is not just common sense. Discuss. The statement of psychology not being just common sense is parallel with the ideologies of most psychologists in the field. Although some aspects and examples of psychology might be simplistic and clear, it also involves substantial critical thinking skills, reasoning and an extensive amount of research. Psychology is defined as the study of the mind and behaviour. (American Psychological Association, 2014), thus affirmingRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory And Theory908 Words   |  4 PagesBoth Erik Erikson’s theory and Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby theory support the idea that early life experiences impact the person across their lifespan. Erikson’s developmental theory discusses the eight stages of life and the forces and values that arise at each stage, which should be developed within this frame. The attachment theory focuses on the interaction an individual has and the impact it may have on their psychological and social development. Both theories believe that pers onality beginsRead MoreMaternal Deprivation Hypothesis1222 Words   |  5 Pagesevaluate Bowlby’s maternal deprivation hypothesis’ Bowlby was influenced by the ideas of evolutionary psychology and the theories of Freud which were about the effects of early experiences on children. Bowlby worked with children who had experienced disrupted early lives and after studying children of post-war Europe, who had being separated from their parents, Bowlby came up with the theory of attachment. Bowlby observed and interviewed children in both hospitals and institutions to better understand

Public Policy Research Paper - 773 Words

History of Policies in the U.S. In 1975, the state of Texas denied undocumented children free schooling including elementary, middle school, and high school. However, the court case Plyler v. Doe believed it was unconstitutional and the policy was stuck down by the Supreme Court in 1982. In 1985, activist in the state of California attempted to push forward post-secondary education for undocumented adolescents so that they can receive financial assistance and pay in-state tuition and receive financial assistance from the states. The Leticia A. v. Board of Regents of the Universi ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ty of California passed which allowed undocumented adolescents to receive financial assistance at the federal level. However, it was turned down in†¦show more content†¦During President Clinton’s term, two new policies for immigrants were passed. The first one was the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) and the second one was the Pers onal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. The case also protected students from deportation within school property. Then in 2001, a legislative proposal called Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM Act) was proposed to the senate. The DREAM Act proposed a path to citizenship for individuals who graduated college with a degree, or served in the armed forces for two years, including other requirements (Cebulko, 2014). If the DREAM Act was passed, people who applied would be entitled to become a lawful permanent resident (LPR). During this same year, Governor Gray Davis pushed and signed the state bill Assembly Bill 540 (AB 540) which allowed undocumented students to pay in-state tuition instead of out-of-state tuition. The proposed DREAM Act did not pass and this was a limbo topic in Congress. Legislators and lobbyers refined the bill for nearly a decade. In 2010, the bill was reintroduced to Congress once more. Senators had conservative views it and once again the bill did not pass because it was five votes short (Cebulko, 2014). Advocates did not take â€Å"no† for an answer, so they began to pressure President Obama to take executive action. It wasn’t until June 2012 when ObamaShow MoreRelatedPublic Policy Research Paper On Drugs Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesPublic Policy Research Paper Drugs. They have entered our communities, our schools, our neighborhoods, our homes. For generations now they have been affecting our society; influencing politics, laws, wars, science, and the overall structure of society. Russia and Mexico have had some of the highest involvement in drugs, and the fight against them. In Russia almost 6 percent of the total population, which is about 8.5 million people are drug addicts, or regular users. Russia has also become increasinglyRead MoreEssay On Texas Public Policy1673 Words   |  7 PagesCare: Public Policy Effectiveness Research Is Texas public policy effective? The Texas government million-dollar question. This research paper will inform the readers on what public policy and effectiveness is in relation to Texas government. It will review five scholarly journals that all describe public policy and its effectiveness in Texas. It will also discuss one public policy specifically regarding the health care that Texas has imposed upon their prison inmates. The goal of this research paperRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy Policies Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican foreign policy relates to what is done in foreign countries by the United States of America. The foreign policies include controlling of the governments of foreign countries or setting some rules in those countries. The foreign policy of America has always been changing all through the US existence. The changes have stemmed from the dynamics of exogenous and substantial influences of watershed up to the international system and also the effects and chan ges of endogenous inside the governmentRead MoreFlood Policies In The United States And The Netherlands Case Study1502 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper is about comparing flood policies in the United States and the Netherlands. How both countries are taking different approaches to a similar situation that both faces. Especially with the rising waters from global warming. This paper looks at what is causing these two different approaches. Is something domestic going on in the United States and the Netherlands that is leading to this result such as economics or public opinion? The research in this paper is intended to help solve this importantRead MoreAmerican Foreign Policy During The United States Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Foreign Policy American foreign policy relates to what is done in foreign countries by the United States of America. The foreign policies include controlling of the governments of foreign countries or setting some rules in those countries. The foreign policy of America has always been changing all through the US existence. The changes have stemmed from the dynamics of exogenous and substantial influences of watershed up to the international system and also the effects and changes of endogenousRead MoreMoving Canadian Governmental Policies Beyond A Focus On Individual Lifestyle Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual based treatment and lifestyle programs that are predominant in Canada often do not contribute to social change and have limited societal effect. The paper by Alvaro entitled â€Å"Moving Canadian governmental policies beyond a focus on individual lifestyle: some insights from complexity and critical theories† argues that Canadian health policy is focused on promoting individual lifestyle change and neglects, or to a lesser degree overlooks, societal and economic issues, both of which are factorsRead MoreReflection Paper On Public Schools And Private Schools1046 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Paper High school. For all, its the two words that outs you on a nostalgic trip down memory lane. For some it, brings us down a happy trip, for others, it make us cringe overtime someone mentions high school in a sentence. It all depends on your â€Å"background† in high school. There’s always been this argument present stating the difference between public schools and private schools. Its been said that the students attending private schools. 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Management and Cost Accounting for Leadership- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theManagement and Cost Accounting for Leadership. Answer: The background of Woolworths can be stated as it is the longest supermarket chain from Australia. Operating more than 1990 stores all over Australia, the company runs its business through 11,500 team members with distribution centers, stores and the support offices for providing the customers with wide range of services, convenience, value and superior services. As it falls under the most innovative Australian retailers, the company is well aware about the fact that the customers always look for simple and new way for shipping and accordingly provide the customers with comfortable experience of shopping (Woolworths.com.au 2017). The company recognizes the cost leadership approach as the action set for delivering or producing the services or goods at minimized cost as compared to the competitors along with various acceptable features to the customers. To get maximum output at the minimized cost, the company developed sale-up / costs down approach for last few years that were designed to reduce cost associated to production and Woolworths successfully applied the strategies to lower their prices (Mortimer and Ingersoll 2015). Looking at the financial statement of the company, it can be identified that the cost of goods sold of the company is directly related with the increase or decrease in the sales level. However, the cost of doing the business for the year 2016 is higher as compared to the sales level as it reached to $ 13,074.5 million as compared to $ $ 12,702.4 million in 2014. Looking at the rent expenses it is identified that the rent of the company is in increasing trend and from $ 1898.70 million in 2014 it went up to $ 2033.9 million in 2016. However, the company was able to make payment of its borrowing during the year that reduced the finance cost of the company during 2016 to $ 207.7 million from $ 218.9 million in 2014 (Woolworths.com.au 2017). The cost leadership approach is used by the company for cost reduction with regard to the operating cost like just-in-time approach. This strategy is used for managing the products in the supply chain for reducing the wastage cost and storage cost through making the goods available to the retailers exactly at the time when they require the goods. To implement the strategy efficiently the company is required to implement the cost replenishment approach efficiently for forecasting the expected demand for the future period. The benefits of this strategy will reduce overall cost through cutting off the storage cost and wastages and increasing the margin of profit (Klein 2017). However, the primary challenges that the company faces here is the long range of distance between suppliers and stores as the suppliers of Woolworth is scattered all over Australia. Apart from this, the storage costs are expected to rise if the system of prediction gives poor performance (Fernie and Sparks 2014). There are various social benefits and value additions through minimizing the wastes as it deliver the regular opportunities to the communities and the cost forecast and budget of the company can be prepared as follows Particulars 2017-18 ($ m) 2018-19 ($ m) 2019-20 ($ m) Budgeted sales 39,000.00 40,950.00 42,997.50 Less: cost of goods sold 30,030.00 31,941.00 32,248.13 Gross profit 8,970.00 9,009.00 10,749.38 Expenses Depreciation on fixed asset 170.00 182.00 178.00 Amortization of intangible assets 25.00 28.00 32.00 Employee remuneration and the on-cost expenses 4,200.00 4,700.00 4,600.00 Superannuation expenses 720.00 610.00 680.00 Expenses towards share-based payments 120.00 110.00 90.00 Minimum lease payments 1,200.00 900.00 1,400.00 Other operating expenses 400.00 670.00 320.00 Total Expenses 6,835.00 7,200.00 7,300.00 Net profit before interest and tax 2,135.00 1,809.00 3,449.38 Less: interest expenses 560.00 410.00 730.00 Net profit before tax 1,575.00 1,399.00 2,719.38 Less: Tax expenses 614.25 517.63 1,087.75 Profit after tax 960.75 881.37 1,631.63 From the above budget, the performance of the company can be analyzed as that the sales of the company will increase by 5% over the next 3 years and the cost of gods sold will be 77% and 78% for the year 2018-19 and 2019-20. However, the company is expected to reduce the COGS and bring it to 75% in 2019-20 (Santos et al. 2015). Further, the depreciation expenses of the company will increase during 2018-19 as compared to 2017-18 as the company is expecting to purchase a new machine for the factory. The amortization expenses will be in the increasing trend. Further, the superannuation expenses of the company are expected to reduce during 2018-19 as few employees are retiring in the previous year (Arli et al. 2013). It can be noted from the budget that the expenses that are expected to increase in 2018-19 as compared to 2017-18 are expected to be reduced by the company during 20129-20.therefore, it can be said that the company will take the necessary steps to minimize the cost wherever possible. From the above analysis it can be concluded that Woolworths is one of the trusted brands in Australia in the retail sector and the company faces high level of competition owing the availability of the substitute products. However, the company can achieve competitive advantages over its competitors through offering the products at lower cost, which is possible through minimization of wastages and curtailing the expenses, wherever possible. Therefore, the company is recommended to diversify the range of products in the future years. For instance, Woolworths became more successful after taking over the liquor store from Dan Murphy for delivering the new product range in the same market for attracting new customers. This was a good strategy to achieve competitive advantage in a mature market like Australian retail market. Along with reducing the wastages and cost, the company is also suggested to provide the communities with their requirements and preferences in which they operate. Reference Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R. and Soldo, E., 2013. Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration.Journal of Economics, Business Accountancy Ventura,16(1). Fernie, J. and Sparks, L., 2014.Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan page publishers. Klein, M., 2017. African retail darlings.Personal Finance Newsletter,2017(435), pp.14-15. Mortimer, D. and Ingersoll, L., 2015. The impact of deregulation on employment relations in the Australian retail industry.Employment Relations Record,15(2), p.43. Santos, M.D., Svensson, G., Padin, C. and Hgevold, N.M., 2015. Corporate risk exposure by implementing sustainable business practices-an African case.International Journal of Logistics Economics and Globalisation,6(3), pp.223-235. Woolworths.com.au. (2017). Woolworths.com.au. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/ [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017].

The Air Canada Case Analysis

Executive Summary The aim of this paper is to conduct an analysis for the Air Canada Company that was established in 1937. It has been undergoing a rebranding process to improve its competitiveness amid the various evident operational challenges. The corporate governance arm of the company ensures that the interests of the shareholders are observed.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Air Canada Case Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the codes of ethics ensure that the company’s workforce executes its tasks in a manner that is consistent with the Air Canada’s stipulated vision and mission. In the attempts to make sure that the company serves the interests of the communities in which it was established, the company subscribes to the environmental laws besides providing mechanisms of tracking derailment from the stipulation of the environmental laws. As part of CSR, the company funds a hospital transportation program. The organization of the Air Canada Company is essentially hierarchical. The hierarchy provides the positions for CEO, CFO, and other managers who must work to realize functions such as leading, planning, and controlling, as discussed later in the paper. Introduction In November 2010, the CEO of the Air Canada Company made a public announcement that the company had managed to deal with various challenges that had afflicted it since 1990’s. Specifically, the CEO â€Å"told the business crowd the company that had more passengers, more revenue, and rapidly escalating stock prices† (Cowan, 2012, p.23). Interpreted in the manner the CEO puts it, these were good signs that the company had made pragmatic strides towards overcoming the crisis it had been experiencing financially in 2009. Such a success, as claimed by the CEO, is essentially impossible without proactive participation by the company’s management towards enh ancing the measures of ensuring that the publicly traded company adhered to its mission and vision statement. In particular, corporate governance must have played critical roles in ensuring that accountability by the management was enhanced. In this paper, corporate governance is considered as having the need to mitigate or foster the enactment of conflicts of interest, control, and prevention among stakeholders.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Generally, the mitigation of these conflicts of interest is more often accomplished through the enactment of various customs, laws, processes, policies, and institutions, which have enormous repercussions of afflicting the manner in which organizations are controlled. From a different perspective, the paper also considers and discusses ethics within the Air Canada Company as one of the mechanisms of strategically focusing all the employees towards the realization of the goals of the company. Ethics is used in the context of the paper to refer to the rules and regulations that are set by the Air Canada Company to ensure all employees of the organization operate in a manner that would not tarnish the name of the company. In the realm of fostering the demand for a company to not only operate to create wealth for the shareholders, the paper argues that the Air Canada Company has managed to put a strong CSR program in place to help in conferring benefits to the communities within which the company is established. Additionally, while attempting to conduct a thorough analysis of the Air Canada Company, the paper also pays an enormous attention to scrutinize how the company realizes its managerial functions of leading, controlling, and planning. However, a discussion of an overview of the company is done first to show how the company is organized. Overview of Air Canada Company The Air Canada Company was establishe d in 1937 under the brand name Trans-Canada Airline (TCA). The corporate headquarters of the company are located in Montreal, Quebec. According to the Air Canada Review (2012), â€Å"Air Canada is the world’s 13th largest airlines by fleet size that has its largest hub in Toronto along Montreal and a small mini-hub in Vancouver† (Para.1). The company is the largest full-service Canada’s airline. Additionally, according to the Air Canada Review (2012), it is â€Å"the largest provider of scheduled passenger services in the Canadian market, the Canada-U.S. trans-border market, and the international market to and from Canada† (Para.2).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Air Canada Case Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Coupled with the Canada Express, which is the regional partner of the company, the Air Canada Company extends its services to about 33 million passengers on a yearly basis. These passengers are destined to about 170 destinations across five continents. The company is also the founder of the Star Alliance. With regard to Air Canada (2011), Star Alliance is â€Å"the world’s most comprehensive air transportation network† (Para. 2). The company managed to acquire a full privatization status in the year 1969. The trading of the company shares is done in the Toronto stock exchange, and is symbolized as AC-B.TO. Following the rapid expansion of the company since its establishment, it has been able to stand as one of the dominant airline companies preferred by many passengers with an employment capacity of 26000 people. The major hub of the Air Canada Company is based in three key cities: Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal. The extensive worldwide network of the company provides air travel services to 59 cities within Canada, 56 within the United States, and 63 cities in the Middle East, South America, Europe, Caribbean, Australia, Mexico, and Asia. Coupled with the company’s regional partners, the Air Canada Company controls an average of about 1530 flights every day besides giving services to about 1290 airports. One of the key recent endeavors of the company has been to initiate nonstop flights across its destinations. For example, according to Air Canada (2012 (a)), â€Å"in 2010, the Air Canada Company inaugurated a non-stop service between Calgary-Tokyo- Copenhagen, and Montreal- Brussels besides expanding several more non-stop services to several more U.S. destinations† (Para. 3). Furthermore, the company has also been embarking on strategic plans for expanding its service delivery to include more destinations within the areas where the company has been conducting flights across the globe. For instance, according to Air Canada (2012 (a)), in 2011, the company added flights â€Å"from Toronto to three Caribbean destinations (St.Kitts, Curacao, and St. Thomas) besides increasing services t o Bogota, Santiago, Zurich, and Munich† (Para. 8). The company also increased its services in Geneva and Brussels.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Governance The theory of finance proclaims that companies that are traded publicly should put measures in place to ensure that the action of the shareholders and the market are aligned if such companies are to realize a superior performance. This stands out as the central goal of any firm’s corporate governance strategies. Corporate governance is â€Å"the set of actions and procedures used to ensure a company is managed so that shareholders receive a return on their investments in the company that is reasonable given the risks involved† (Hennessey, 2004, p.4). With this definition in mind, the central question is whether the Air Canada Company has managed to achieve the concerns of corporate governance as prescribed by the finance theory. The Air Canada Company’s structures for corporate governance widely provide mechanisms for ensuring that the decisions taken by the management of the company are open to scrutiny. This argument may be evidenced by several docu ments of the company claiming, â€Å"the board represents shareholders’ interest by providing strategic directions to management besides reviewing the business of the Air Canada Company like its strategic business plans and major capital acquisitions† (Hennessey, 2004, p.28). In 1990’s, many of the board members of the company were largely not related to the Canadian airline because they were members of a permanent committee’s board comprising five members. This meant that an opportunity existed to ensure that the management of the airline was held accountable for decisions leading to the underperformance of the company hence exposing the shareholder to risks. Unfortunately, this never happened (Hennessey, 2004, p.29). Similar to the 1990 fiscal year, the 1998 fiscal year was equally a disappointing one. According to Hennessey, (2004), these disappointments prompted the board of directors’ chairperson to write to the shareholders stating, â€Å"Yo ur board of directors is strongly supportive of the program formulated to bring about a balanced change to the airline to ensure a higher level of profitability† (Hennessey, 2004, p.29). Nevertheless, in this period, the company was characterized by market performance, operational, and financial performance challenges. Arguably, therefore, the governance arm of the company failed to ensure that the company remained under control through the inculcation of accountability and supervisory measures. It is important to note that, during the late 1990’s and early 2000, the company endeavored to become global as evidenced by its attempts of seeking an alliance with other key players of the airline industry such as the CDN. This implies that the management would do anything within its capacity to ensure that the interests of the shareholders were reserved even if it meant seeking an amalgamation to eliminate competition. In particular, the company also sought to acquire cheap t akeovers. This was perhaps a crucial governance decision that has truncated to the incredible performance of the Air Canada Company in the recent days since, according to Spencer et al. (1998), â€Å"partial takeovers are a cheap way for acquiring companies to gain either partial managerial control† (p.429). Even though it may be argued that the company has encountered a number of challenges including a failure to secure the market in the past, through corporate governance decisions, it is evident that the success of the company today would not have been possible. Additionally, the decisions have enabled the company to ensure that it has aligned both the market and the concerns of the shareholders so that they are harmonious. This way, the company has become profitable hence increasing returns to the shareholders even if they may be optimal. Therefore, the goals of corporate governance have been realized by the Air Canada Company though having taken a long time to do so. Ethi cs and Social Responsibility Organizations set specific codes of ethics, which all employees deserve to abide by in the attempt to realize the organizational goals. Organizational goals are the road maps that lead the contributions of the employees of an organization to the desired objectives, values, and missions. For the Air Canada Company, the mission is to connect the rest of the world with Canada while its vision is to create loyalty by deploying innovation and passion. To realize the mission and vision, the company requires all its employees, through the code of ethics, to enhance teamwork by always ensuring that safety remains the first and the very last thing in all their tasks. Integrity is yet another requirement for all the workers of the Air Canada Company workforce. This requirement is found ample in ensuring that accountability is fostered so that an operation environment characterized by trust is established and maintained in the attempt to make the company remain alw ays profitable and valuable to the employees, shareholders, and other stakeholders. The argument here is that, by prescribing integrity as one of the ample codes of ethics of the Air Canada Company’s workers, the company attempts to reduce the risks of dishonesty and engagement in fraudulent activities, which in turn expose the interests of the shareholders to a threat. Additionally, with reference to Air Canada (2012, (b)), the codes of conduct also stipulate that the â€Å"company’s employees are free to participate in the political process as individuals subject to applicable laws on their own† (p.6). This means that the code of ethics of the company hinders the employees, irrespective of their hierarchical position in the company, to deploy the assets of the company to fund any political party or candidate. In the context of the company’s assets, all employees are required to ensure that all tangible and intangible assets of the company remain protect ed from willful damage, unauthorized access, loss, and even abuse. Enshrined in the codes of ethics is also a requirement for holding the information of the company confidentially such as protecting intellectual property of the company, funding, and contracting matters of the company. Apart from ensuring that public firms create wealth for its owners (shareholders), the company is also indebted to dedicate a part of its gains to community-focused activities. This implies that it is required to be socially corporate responsible. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) involves â€Å"economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations that the society has for the organizations at a given point in time† (Carroll Buchholtz, 2003, p. 36). In the attempt to execute the obligation set out by the concerns of CSR, the Air Canada Company is dedicated to ensure that the environment is protected from emissions, pollution arising from improper wastes disposal, and or excessive energy. Consequently, according to Air Canada (2012, b), the company has established the department for corporate safety to provide avenues through which employees can report instances of suspected â€Å"violations of environmental laws or any events that may result to a discharge or emission of hazardous materials† (p.18). Another aspect of CSR requires organizations to focus on addressing the needs of the employees and other stakeholders such that no conflict takes place between them and the company. For the Air Canada Company, this includes prevention of acerbating violence against the employees, harassment, and discrimination coupled with protection of the employees’ personal information. Additionally, as part of the CSR program, the Air Canada Company ensures that the employees are permitted to retain their personal information private. Apart from focusing on the interest of the employees, the company also channels a part of its efforts to serve the community’s in terest. In this perspective, Air Canada (2012, (b)) informs, â€Å"The company is committed to providing a safe and healthy working environment for its employees to avoid adverse impacts and injury on the environment and the communities in which it does its businesses† (p.24). The concerns of the Air Canada Company in ensuring that the interests of the community within the area in which the company does businesses are taken care of are evidenced by the functions served by the Air Canada foundation. According to Air Canada (2012, (a)), Air Canada foundation â€Å"supports charitable organizations with primary focus on children and youth in need† (Para.6). Essentially, the foundation is funded from the company’s earnings and the Aeroplan miles that are contributed by customers to meet the expenses of a program meant to offer hospital transportation services to young people who are not able to provide themselves with a medical aid required within the communities wh ere they dwell. During instances of crisis, the foundation also seeks help from humanitarian organizations to expand its service capacity. Organization The Air Canada Company is organized in a hierarchical structure headed by a CEO. The CEO is the vision carrier of the company. This means that, in the Air Canada Company, the CEO is chiefly given the noble responsibility of designing goals coupled with making directions necessary for attainment of such goals. These goals include making decisions on how the company will remain competitive by out-powering competitors operating within the line of business of the company. However, in the execution of this noble role, the CEO is tied by the provisions of the corporate policy of the Air Canada Company, which, according to Air Canada (2012, (b)) make â€Å"the company encourage competition and commitment while dealing with competitors in a respectful manner† (p.20). Consequently, the CEO must ensure that competitors are treated witho ut bias since this would result to an anti-competitive behavior. The CEO also sits with other managerial staff to develop the corporate culture and values of the Air Canada Company. The organization’s structure for the Air Canada also provides and establishes the board of directors whose roles include overseeing the performance of the managerial staff including the CEO. Indeed, the CEO is accountable. He/she reports to the board of directors who represent the interest of the shareholders. This means that they ensure that the management considers the interests of the shareholders besides giving them an incredible attention. This measure mitigates the management from serving its own interests as opposed to the interests of the owners of the Air Canada Company. The board of directors is composed of seven directors and the chair of the board of directors. These directors are Roy Romanow, Michael Green, Joseph Leonard, Pierre Johnson, Bernard Attali, Vaq Sorensen, and Jean Marc Hu ot. The chair of the board of directors is Calin Rovinessu. The company has also the position of CFO (Michael Rousseau) who reports to the CEO. Persons in charge of control, financial planning and analysis, and revenue management report to the CFO. The department of sales is organized into three sub-departments namely sales, customer service, and marketing. The overall head of the department reports directly to the CEO. On the other hand, the departments of legal and human resources have only one sub-department each: international and regulatory affairs and employee relations respectively. Other departments include COO, maintenance and engineering, network planning, cargo, ecommerce, industry and government affairs, and vacations department. The head of all these departments also reports directly to the CEO. Planning A growing organization such as the Air Canada Company requires a cute planning of the future expansion endeavors. The mandates of the planning department of the Air Can ada Company include analysis of the future action plans so that they do not lead to exposing the organization to unnecessary risks. In the planning process, a decision is made on the persons who are supposed to execute specific tasks by defining the resources that are required to execute these tasks. Therefore, the Air Canada planning department plans and analyzes the future necessary courses of action based on the available monetary and human resources. The revelation forms the reason why the department of planning is also charged with the tasks of financial analysis since it is necessary for the planning process to balance the demand and supply constraints for the available resources at the disposal of the Air Canada Company. At the Air Canada Company, planning is done in a number of steps. These include establishing objectives, planning premises, choosing between alternative actions to realize the objectives, formulating the various derivative plans, seeking corporation, and last ly conducting a plan appraisal. The planning process is under the watch of the vice president in charge of financial planning and analysis with the inspiration of the visions derived by the CEO. However, this implies that other departments do not neither plan for their future courses of action nor dedicate this function to the department of financial planning and analysis. The financial planning and analysis department is only charged with the major task of harmonizing the plans of other departments in making decisions on how resources are going to be allocated to the proposed plans by each department so that the resources are allocated optimally. Leading In the process of organizing resources coupled with people to ensure that goals of the Air Canada Company are realized, the management of the company is required to design measures for motivating, directing, and enhancing vertical and horizontal communication. These tasks are largely compliant with leading as a role of the manageme nt arm in any organization. More interactively, leading refers to â€Å"the management function that involves the managers’ efforts to simulate a high performance by employees including directing, motivating, and communicating with employees, individually and in groups† (Anthonissen, 2008, p.67). At the Air Canada Company, the main objective of leading the employees is enshrined in the need to make the employees look at issues and plans of the company from the context in which the managers look at them. For this purpose, hierarchical structures of management are established to enhance the supervision of employees so that they do not derail from the goals and visions of the company. Unfortunately, there are challenges associated with leading at the Air Canada Company. For example, the CEO of the company announced that the employees of the airline needed to be motivated and empowered (Cowan, 2012, p.23). Amid the financial challenges, the company had been experiencing pr ompting dwindling of the stock prices with workers of the company appearing as if they are only largely motivated to engage in strikes. This argument is evidenced by the last June’s strike of services and sales agents. The strike lasted for three days. It was brought to a standstill by the enactment of legislation for back to work. Controlling Among the functions of management is the organizational control. Controlling embraces â€Å"monitoring employees’ activities, determining whether the organization is on target towards its goals, and making corrections as necessary† (Anthonissen, 2008, p.81). Consistent with this definition, at the Air Canada Company, controlling is done to ensure that all the plans developed and the leading effort put in place by the managers truncate into the actual realization of the plans as anticipated. Important elements of control at the Air Canada Company include control of physical resources, financial and informational resources, and the evaluation of the program for rewarding the efforts of the employees. Ideally, at the Air Canada Company, controlling is considered an ongoing and a continuous process as opposed to being an intermittent process because all aspects of management at the company require some sort of controlling. For instance, in the making of strategic plans to acquire new destinations, plans are developed based on the anticipated levels of resource commitment to hire new staff, buying of couriers, and marketing among other issues. Since these plans must be implemented in accordance with the available resources, controlling each phase of the plans is critical in ensuring that everything is done within the budgetary constraints. On the other hand, while the managers of the company attempt to lead the employees towards the achievement of the organizational goals, they may choose to put incentive schemes in place to enhance the motivation of the employees. However, such schemes are only practical if they are within the constraints of financial resources available to the company. This means that, whenever fluctuations in the market take place, revisions of the schemes are vital. In particular, at the Air Canada Company, the controlling function is not a task of one department. All departments must control the processes of execution of the tasks they are mandated to do in a manner that is directly congruent with the mission and vision of the Air Canada. Conclusion Established in 1937, the Air Canada has undergone an immense growth in terms of the employment capacity and the number of routes of operation. This growth has been realized amid hefty financial challenges. Many criticisms have been raised by the shareholders on the capacity of the company’s corporate governance to shield them from losses especially bearing in mind that, during the period of crisis, the company had been experiencing a decrement in stock prices. The company has also faced instances of employees ’ work boycotts. Due to reasons related to the company’s financial position, the needs of these employees have always been addressed through the enactment of legislations for return to work without meeting their demands. Amid these challenges, this case analysis has held that the company is indebted to ensure that the arm of corporate governance tracks undue circumstances that may lead to exposing the interests of the shareholders at risk. Leading, planning, and controlling functions of the Air Canada Company management have also been found as working consistently with the vision and mission of the company. This inference is made amid the consideration of the fact that the leading function of the company encounters challenges especially in ensuring empowerment and motivation of the employees. Finally, the case analysis argues that the Air Canada’s organization is essentially hierarchical with the CEO acting as the vision carrier. However, the CEO is accountable to the board of directors headed by a chairperson. This board of directors represents the interests of the shareholders. It is mandated to ensure that the management does not serve to advantage itself while making organizational decisions. Reference List Air Canada (2012, (a)). Corporate Profile. Web. Air Canada (2012, (b)). Corporate Policy and Guidelines on Business Conduct. Web. Air Canada Review. (2012). Air Canada overview. Web. Air Canada. (2011). About Air Canada. Web. Anthonissen, P. (2008). Crisis Communication: Practical PR Strategies for Reputation Management and Company Survival. London, UK: Kogan Page Limited. Carroll, A., Buchholtz, K. (2003).Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management. Australia: Thomson South-Western. Cowan, J. (2012). Can Air Canada be saved? Canadian Business, 2(1), 23-34. Hennessey, S. (2004). Corporate Governance Mechanisms in Action: The Case of Air Canada. Charlottetown, Canada: University Of Prince Edward Island. Spencer, C., Akhi gbe, A., Madura, J. (1998). Impact of Partial Control on Policies Enacted by Partial Targets. Journal of Banking and Finance, 22(3), 425-445. This case study on The Air Canada Case Analysis was written and submitted by user Seamus Beck to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

1. Demonstrates The Necessary Knowledge, Ability, And Skill For Assess

1. Demonstrates the necessary knowledge, ability, and skill for assessing the physical, emotional, and mental capabilities of concerned persons to carry out an intervention. 2. Demonstrates commitment to ABCI principle that the primary goal of intervention is to secure immediate help for the chemically dependent person first and foremost. 3. Demonstrates commitment to ABCI's principle that pre-intervention counseling sessions for concerned persons are short term an time limited and should not be prolonged to the extent that immediate help for the chemically dependent person is postponed. 4. Ensures that during the intervention statements by concerned person to the chemically dependent person are not shameful or demeaning but instead take the form of I-statements that describe facts and feelings. 5. Has completed an ABCI approved training and certification process for Board Certified interventionists. 6. Treats all persons included in the intervention process with care and concern, and works to preserve the dignity and self-respect of the chemically dependent person. 7. Demonstrates a commitment to help families by directing each family member involved in the intervention into their own process of recovery. NATURE OF DISEASE We believe... ?Alcoholism/chemical dependency are diseases that are * Primary * Progressive * Chronic * Fatal ?In the later stages of the disease the person is incapable of the spontaneous insight needed to seek remedial care, largely due to * Blackouts * Repressions * Euphoric recall * Their combined delusional thought process ?Those living with chemically dependent persons often become emotionally distressed to the point where they * Enable the addiction to continue despite best intentions * Attempt to manipulate the situation to make it "go away" * Show similar symptoms * May require remedial care Completion of two levels Level I ? Through an educational-therapeutic process the significant others can identify their misunderstandings of the disease process, see it (and their own behavior) for what they are, and commit themselves to no longer protect the addicted individual from the consequences of his/her behavior. Level II ? The addicted person can be helped to see the love of those around him/her and the negative effects of his/her addictive behavior, and to accept treatment as appropriate. ?This disease is successfully treatable with the concurrent approaches to * Attend to physical complications * Reduce the symptoms of mental mismanagement * Expunge the emotional distress * Rebuild family communications * Establish a workable spiritual connection ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ THE FAMILY RULES Don't Talk The home of a chemically dependent person often becomes a household of conspiracy and cover up. Often family members do not talk about the problems caused by alcohol and other drugs. They do not talk about any problems. An unwritten rule of silence encases the whole house. Dependent Family Behavior ?After a brother and sister sit silently watching their parents fight about their mother's drinking, neither child initiates a conversation with the other about the incident even when they are safely by themselves. ?The spouse and children of a chemically dependent person have an undeclared agreement to not are family secrets It does not occur to the children to talk about the bizarre behavior of their parent to a neighbor, relative, or friend. ?There is a false hope that if a problem or negative event is not talked about , it may not be real. If drunkenness, the embarrassment, and the disappointment are not verbalized, maybe they are not really there. Don't Trust The disease of chemical dependence does not allow for honest or consistent behavior. Therefore, there is no basis for trust to be established in the family or a chemically dependent person. In order to trust, there first must be a feeling of safety. Dependent Family Behavior ?A mother stays up waiting for her daughter. She doesn't know if her daughter has told the truth about her plans for the evening. Her daughter's drinking seems to be more than just experimental use. ?A child asks her mother why she is feeling so sad. The mother says she isn't feeling sad. She may try to smile or hum or say something light and pleasant. The child knows her mother is sad, but does not question her any further. ?A wife/mother comes home from a party very drunk. The children watch their father assist their mother to bed. The next morning the father tells the children to play very quietly because mother is coming down with the flu. The children do not correct the lie. Don't Feel Real feelings get lost by chemical dependence. Because there is no trust, each member of the family also learns

The Need for External Acknowledgement Essays

The Need for External Acknowledgement Essays The Need for External Acknowledgement Essay The Need for External Acknowledgement Essay deed. , The Arden Shakespeare: King Lear, New York: Bloomberg, 2014, p. O, that way madness lies (3. 4. 19-21) As the storm continues, Learns hardened selfless softens. In trying to stave off madness, Lear shifts his focus away from his desire for retribution against Reagan and Goner. No longer fixated on his desire for vengeance against his daughters, Lear finally speaks of the common people in England. Lear shifts his focus from his psychological offering to his physical suffering. His physical suffering breaks down his hardened resolve to maintain his selfless unchanged by recent events. Lear states: Poor naked wretches, wherefores you are, That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm, How shall your housefuls heads and unfed sides Your looped and windowed raggedness, defend you From seasons such as these? (3. 4. 28-32) Cold and wet, Lear experiences the suffering and pains of the commoners first hand. His physical suffering forces Lear to think beyond himself and feel sympathy for others. Instead of seeking retribution against his daughters, now Lear thinks of his rime in ignoring the harsh plight of his subjects. In a true moment of introspection Lear faults his tenure as king. Removed from the people he ruled, Lear focused more on courtly endeavors than humanity. Lear states: O I have eaten Too little care of this. (3. 4. 32-3) When focused on revenge, Learns thinks from a perspective of self-centered desire. When Lear concludes he did not govern well as king, he thinks from a perspective of compassion and a sense of community. Shakespeare has Lear come to understand the poor naked wretches, to prepare Lear for his encounter with Poor Tom. In exposing Lear to the suffering of humans when tripped away of all protection of civilization, Lear can know understand Poor Tom and develop a kinship with Poor Tom. Lear states: Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel, That thou mast shake the superglue to them And show the heavens more Just. (3. 4. 34-6) Without Learns enlightenment regarding the poor naked wretches, Lear would not be able to develop a community with Poor Tom. The first step in preparing for an adjustment in selectivity requires a willingness to seek community. Lear cannot receive external acknowledgement for a new self-identity without first developing an openness to community. In feeling the pain of the cold storm, Lear engages his senses that all humans have in common. In connecting with his basic human senses, Lear becomes more open to enter into a community with an external other. From a Hegelian approach the storm clearly prepares Lear to adjust his self-identity. Before the storm, Learns hardened self-identity remained focused on his self-interest. As a powerful king all Lear focused on was maintaining and wielding power. Before the storm the former king remains rigid in holding onto his self-identity associated with power. At the start of the storm a zeal for revenge represents the only emotion which Lear can summon. In discovering he was remiss in not caring for his common subjects, Lear softens and opens himself to an adjustment in his self-identity. By the end of the storm, Lear can now display the emotions of empathy and guilt. Lear is now a less rigid character and assumes a range of flexibility with his emotions. Shakespeare uses the storm not as a moment of rebirth for Learns personality, but as a moment of psychological breakdown. Only through breaking down his strong self- identity could Shakespeare prepare the character to finally resolve his identity crisis. Following Learns feting in the storm, Lear engages Poor Tom from a more malleable psychological state than the Lear who argued with Reagan and Goner. Inside the Hovel: Establishing a Community Inside the hovel, Lear interacts with a person he considers his equal. Lear finds himself on par with Poor Tom. Unlike the Fool, whom Lear considers one of the trappings of his former power, Lear perceives Poor Tom as a psychologically troubled person Just like himself. In identifying with Poor Tom, Lear can finally gain the knowledge to free himself from constriction of his former conception of selfless. Lear redefines himself by his own humanity rather than by his former wealth, status, and privilege. Poor Tom replaces the Fool as the foil to Learns outward conversations with himself. Shakespeare uses these conversations as a means for allowing the audience access to the psychological struggle taking place inside the mind of Lear. In other words, the drama within a drama which plays out in Learns self-conscious. The dialog between Lear and Poor Tom in the hovel does little to move the plot forward other than resolving Learns identity crisis. While he does not link King Lear to Hedges hilltops on selfless, literary critic James Carney does support this point when he asserts: Shakespeare gives us a scene? completely unmotivated in terms of its significance to the plot?in which Lear responds viscerally to his exposure to the laterality of the other person. 9 Only through Poor Toms madness, does Lear find what he perceives as an external equal to provide acknowledgment for Learns newly formed internal definition of selfless. 19 Kerrey, James. Phenomenology and Ethics This is above all strangeness: King Lear, Ethics, and the Phenomenology of Recognition in Criticism, Summer 2012, Volvo. 54, No. 3, p. 457. But, can Lear, in his own state of madness, recognize Poor Tom as a madman and consider Poor Tom his equal from who he can gain knowledge? Professor R. A. Folks, of UCLA, contends that Edgers disguise as a mad beggar does not influence Learns interaction with Poor Tom. In his introduction to The Arden Shakespeare King Lear, Folks argues: Edgers masquerade as the possessed Poor Tom is pretty much confined to one scene, and has little or no effect on the mad Lear, who sees him as a learned Thebes10 (102). I reject Folklores argument based on Learns initial perception of Poor Tom as being driven to madness by the neglect of his daughters. While Lear does not consider Poor Tom as possessed by the devil, he does perceive Poor Tom as psychologically troubled. Lear states: Didst thou give all to thy two daughters? And art thou come to this (3. 4. 48-9). In first seeing Poor Tom as a suffering creature shivering in the hovel without clothes, Lear projects his own problems and madness onto Poor Tom. In my view, Folks overlooks the value placed on Learns first assessment of Tom as a madman Just like himself. In his unity of effort, Shakespeare intentionally has Lear first bond with Poor Tom as one madman to another madman. Only through bonding on some level of equality an Lear become open to gaining knowledge from Poor Tom. One critic even argues that in his suffering as an outcast, the disguised Edgar may also suffer an identity crisis propelling him into madness. Emollient Bell argues that Edgers assumed madness becomes indistinguishable from the frantic despair to which he has been driven. el As the former king, Lear must find a manner in which to Fakes, R. A. , deed. , Introduction in The Arden Shakespeare: King Lear, New York: Bloomberg, 2014, Bell, Emollient. Naked Lear, in Raritan, Spring 2004, Volvo 23, No 4, up. 55-70. P. 102. Connect with Poor Tom as a wise man. Before Lear can philosophize with Poor Tom, Lear first must consider Poor Tom as an equal. In finding an equal, Lear can end his self-imposed solitude and enter into a community. Through a community Lear can finally end his identity crisis by gaining external acceptance for his selfless. In encountering a near naked man, Lear finds himself connected to Poor Toms base humanity. Poor Tom represents the true nature of humanity stripped down to the essential. Poor Tom represents the image of Lear stripped away of all the trappings of wealth and power which he had known while he was king. After his experience in he storm, Lear can identify with Poor Tom as a poor naked wretch. During his time in the hovel, Lear refers to Poor Tom as the thing itself (3. . 104). Lear refers to Poor Tom as representative of human poverty. In his perception of Poor Tom as humankind without the varnish of society, Lear finds the common ground which allows him to establish a community with Poor Tom. A key aspect to Poor Tom representing humanity in a base form is the connection of Poor Tom to nature. Shakespeare hints at Poor Toms strong connection to nature early in the play. When Ed mund discusses how planetary influence explains his evil tendencies, he ascribes himself using the attributes of a mad beggar (1. 2. 125). Edmund states: My cue is villainous melancholy, with a sigh like Tom bedlam (1. 2. 135-6). By linking the mad beggar with astrology, Shakespeare indirectly hints at a link between Poor Tom and nature. When Edgar describes how he will disguise himself, the description invokes images of an animal. Edgar states: To take the barest and most poorest shape That ever penury in contempt of man Brought near beast. My face Ill grime in filth, Blanket my loins, elf all my hair in knots (2. 2. 178-80) When Poor Tom describes the eating of small prey, he describes himself as an animal. He states: Poor Tom eats the swimming frog, the toad, the tadpole, the wall- newt (3. 4. 125-6). Linking Poor Tom to nature reinforces the character as a representation of humankind at a base level without the comforts of society. After experiencing the storm, Lear finds the unvarnished truth of the human condition in Poor Toms unvarnished appearance and vulnerable existence. Poor Tom serves as a mirror by which Lear can see his own interpretation of the world. In further defining his initial perception of Poor Tom, Lear states: Have his daughters brought him to this pass?

A ritical Analysis of UK Teaching Standard Essay

A ritical Analysis of UK Teaching Standard - Essay Example The teacher took the initiative of class management and assigned me as a representative. I, therefore, oversaw pupils attainment and outcomes of each stage of the progress. I build on pupils capabilities and prior knowledge of working. Furthermore, the institution empowered a counseling department. The counseling listens to student innate problems (Mills and Niesche, 2014, p. 122). I worked alongside the counseling department to ensure that I generate skills to build working abilities. As well, the institution developed courses related to moral and social behavior as well as, courses related to communication skills. At the end of the semester, the teacher evaluated at the end of the semester. The evaluations improved the understanding of the course in general. The assessment provided a detailed account of how the student was aware of virtues of responsibility, respect, and truthfulness. As a result, I guided the students throughout a professionalization agenda, where positive virtues of education were taken. The teacher heavily involved with the student and the institution hence expanding the overall interactivity level. As well, I welcomed students in a life of academics where interactivity was relatively high. Likewise, I encouraged pupils to take up responsibility and conscientious attitude, it was possible to increase the interactivity level. In summary, the student’s progress depended on the nature of the DEAN department.  The teacher provided the curriculum outline.